Pre-requisites :
- A valid Active directory domain (first.com)
- Multiple Domain controllers (best practice)
Procedure :
- Logon to the domain controller using domain Administrator credentials.
Server Manager > Tools > DNS > Expand the domain controller > Right click Forward Lookup Zones > New zone > Primary Zone > Next > new domain name (second.com) > Allow both non-secure and secure dynamic updates > Finish

- Run command prompt as an Administrator and run the following commands.
cd C:\Windows
cd temp
rendom /list
- Edit C:\Windows\Temp\Domainlist and rename old domain name (first.com) to new domain name (second.com) as shown below.

- Save the file and run the following command in the previous opened command prompt session.
rendom /upload
- Followed by the following command
rendom /prepare
- Continue to execute the procedure with the following command
rendom /execute
- Once the server gets restarted, the domain name will be successfully renamed to the new domain name (second.com)
- Logon to the server using new domain credentials.

- Rename the server full name if required in the control panel.